Confined space as defined in clause (o) of Part1, Schedule-19, Rule-102, Gujarat Factories Rules,
means any space by reason of its construction as well &s in relation to the nature of the work carried
therein and where hazards to the persons entering into working inside exist or are likely to develop during
working.
Normally a confined space is enclosed from all sides except one for entering inside and coming
out from the same e.g. manhole or open top. It is not a normal place for working. Inside risks include
possibility of toxic gas or dust, oxygen deficiency, fire, explosion, high temperature, sudden flow or
pressure, accidental starting of stirrer etc., burying (engulfment) under free flowing solid e.g. grain,
cement, sugar, drowning in liquid at bottom and similar causes.
NIOSH, USA describes 'confined space' as a space which has any one of the following
characteristics:
1. Limited opening for entry and exit.
2. Unfavourable natural ventilation, or
3. Not designated for continuous worker occupancy.
Confined space is also classified as that –
- has vertical or maze exit, or
- contains loose dust, fluidised materials or unstable solids.
Examples of confined spaces are - tank, pit, sump, vat, duct, gutter, tunnel, sewer, drain, trench,
pipe, reaction vessel, boiler, chimney, flue, furnace, oven, ceiling voids, enclosed room/basement etc.
Proper safety work permit, work place monitoring, use of self breathing apparatus and safety belt,
rescuer standing outside and holding life line are the important safety measures.